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As the Washington Post once wrote, “South Korea stuck with Internet Explorer for online shopping” in 2013. It was only fully shut down in 2020, and dependency on ActiveX forced people to use that ancient, outdated technology for a long time. Developers would have to create ActiveX controls for the Mac.įor example, South Korea standardized on an ActiveX control that was required to access secure financial and government websites back in the ’90s. However, unlike with Java (which was cross-platform), ActiveX controls written for Windows would not work on a Mac. Microsoft added ActiveX support to Internet Explorer for Mac. There were some plug-ins that added support to competing browsers, like Netscape Navigator (the ancestor of Mozilla Firefox), but it was really all about Internet Explorer. Does that really sound like a good solution for downloading files instead of just relying on your web browser’s built-in file downloader?ĪctiveX was a Microsoft technology that ran best in Internet Explorer on Windows.
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Unsurprisingly, this Download Manager program had its own security vulnerabilities.
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This Download Manager required full access to your entire computer, and of course, it only ran in Internet Explorer. Other security settings were introduced that let ActiveX control creators restrict ActiveX controls to only run on certain websites, for example.Ĭase in point: Microsoft’s website once required an Akamai “Download Manager” ActiveX control to download certain files. Internet Explorer provides additional warnings before downloading and loading ActiveX controls. Over time, Microsoft kept tightening the security settings and adding extra protection like “Protected Mode” and “ Enhanced Protected Mode.” For example, Internet Explorer has a built-in list of outdated ActiveX controls that it refuses to load.
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This was a big deal, really, since ActiveX controls often didn’t have automatic update systems. If you had an outdated version of Adobe Flash installed, for example, a malicious website could take advantage of that and gain access to your entire computer-since ActiveX controls like Flash had access to your entire computer. Second, a bug in a legitimate ActiveX control could be a problem. If you wanted something more advanced than text and images-even if you just wanted to embed a video in a web page-you needed some sort of browser plug-in. There was a time when web technologies weren’t very powerful.
RELATED: Why Do So Many Geeks Hate Internet Explorer? ActiveX Was Designed for the Old Web
With Microsoft initially relying on the honor system, it’s easy to see how ActiveX became a popular way to deliver malware and spyware to Internet Explorer users. Developers who created malicious ActiveX controls could be tracked down more easily-if they chose to sign their controls.
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Software developers could choose to stamp their ActiveX controls with a digital signature, but it wasn’t mandatory. The article goes on to explain that Microsoft included an “accountability” system named Authenticode.
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“As a result, users may want to download code that has full access to their computers’ resources.” “While the Java sandbox enforces a high degree of security, it does not let users download and run exciting multimedia games or other full-featured programs on their computers,” a statement on Microsoft’s security site reads. Java in the web browser ultimately had a long history of security flaws-but at least Java was trying to limit what applications could do.Ī CNET article from 1997 captures Microsoft’s attitude at the time: However, Java attempted to limit what these programs could do through the use of a sandbox. At the time, Java was also used to run programs on web pages inside web browsers. This was in stark contrast to Sun’s Java technology. It’s easy to see how this was ideal for malware. If you agreed, ActiveX control would be able to do anything it wanted with all the files and programs on your computer. In other words, you might visit a web page in Internet Explorer and see a prompt stating that the web page wanted to run a game or other program. When you launched an ActiveX control, it had full access to everything on your computer. Originally, ActiveX controls were like any other program on your computer. The ’90s were a different time, which also brought us dangerous macros in Office documents. RELATED: What ActiveX Controls Are and Why They're Dangerous Security Was a Problem from the Start Popular Internet Explorer plug-ins like Adobe Flash, Adobe Shockwave, RealPlayer, Apple QuickTime, and Windows Media Player were implemented using ActiveX controls. Back then, when you visited a web page, Internet Explorer would prompt you to download and run any ActiveX controls that the web page specified.